Python

Partials in Python is a function that behaves like an existing function but with some arguments already filled in. It is created using the functools.partial function from the functools module

Python has three division operators: /, //, and %. The / operator performs true division, // performs floor division, and % gives the modulus.

Pythons functool provides a number of functions and utilities for functional programming, such as higher-order functions, partial function application, and memoization.

Meta-programming in Python allows developers to write code that manipulates code itself, enabling dynamic behavior and advanced programming techniques. Examples include decorators, metaclasses, and dynamic class creation.

while Python does not enforce variable types at runtime, developers can use type hints in conjunction with static analysis tools or third-party libraries to impose type constraints.

Closures are a powerful feature of Python that allow you to create quick mini classes without the need for a full class definition.

A singleton is a design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to one single instance. This is useful when exactly one object is needed to coordinate actions across the system. In Python, there are several ways to implement singletons, including using modules, classes, and decorators.

Before Python 3.3, the `__init__.py` file was used to mark a directory as a Python package. It can be empty, but it can also contain code that initializes the package or sets up the package namespace. In modern Python, it is still useful for defining the package interface and providing a consistent API for users.

Dynamically importing modules in Python can be done using the importlib module, which provides a way to import modules programmatically. This can be useful for loading modules at runtime based on certain conditions or configurations.

Although Python does not have a switch statement, there are several ways to implement similar functionality. You can use if-elif-else statements, dictionaries, or the match-case statement introduced in Python 3.10.